Hansen (1998) Flow injection analysis: Where are we heading? Trends Anal. (1992) The second coming of flow-injection analysis. (1999) Analytik und Regelung von Biotechnischen Prozessen. Strohl (1987) An automatic, on-line glucose analyzer for feedback control of fed-batch growth of Escherichia coli. Cooney (1983) Growth monitoring and control through computer-aided on-line mass balancing in fed-batch penicillin fermentation. Shimizu (1989) Effect and control of glucose feeding on bacitracin production be fedbatch culture of Bacillus licheniformis. Taylor (1989) Optimization of Escherichia coli growth by controlled addition of glucose. Weiss (1989) Increased biomass production in a benchtop fermentor. Schlasner (1986) Microcomputer-control of fermentation processes. ![]() Cooney (1992) Design and evaluation of control strategies for high cell density fermentations. Strohl (1991) A predictive and feedback control algorithm maintains a constant glucose concentration in fed-batch fermentations. (1987) The control of fed-batch fermentation processes: A survey. The NN-based controller with the 3-2-1 network structure was robust and stable against some disturbances, such as a sudden injection of distilled water into a biological process. The performance of the three controllers has been tested in a simulated process as well as in a cultivation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the performance has also been compared to simulation results. A NN-based controller with 3 layers has been developed, and a 3(input)-2(hidden)-1(output) network structure has been found to be optimal for the NN-based controller. The control quality of a PID controller could have been improved by a high analysis frequency and by a short residence time of sample in a FIA system. The on-off controller often produced high oscillations at the set point due to its low robustness. A simulation program has been developed to test the control quality of each controller and to estimate the control parameters. ![]() Based on the on-line monitored data the concentrations of substrates have been controlled by an on-off controller, a PID controller, and a neural network (NN) based controller. Concentrations of substrates, glucose, and ammionia in biological processes have been on-line monitored by using glucose-flow injection (FIA) and ammonia-FIA systems.
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